26. This phenomenon is illustrated by an editorial in the African-American newspaper The Philadelphia Tribune:

Because state law mandates that motor vehicle owners must have insurance to drive those vehicles and because many Philadelphians are required to pay auto insurance rates far in excess of the value of the vehicles they drive, many Philadelphians are committing a crime because they are driving without the legally required auto insurance. (October 21, 1994, 6-A)
27. Because the BLS survey data are for 1993, the estimated savings are for 1993. Thus, the figures on tax equivalency may appear slightly different from other 1996 figures used elsewhere in the paper.

28. An analysis of urban versus suburban and rural claiming patterns is presented in the Insurance Research Council, "Part One" (1995), 15-27.

29. Stephen Carroll, Allan Abrahamse and Mary Vaiana, The Costs of Excess Medical Claims for Automobile Personal Injuries (Santa Monica, CA: RAND Institute for Civil Justice, 1995), 23.

30. For a full discussion of the failure of command and control safety regulation, see Jerry Mashaw and David Harfst, The Struggle for Auto-Safety (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990).

31. A corollary benefit is that since auto-choice would lower overall operating costs for newer and safer cars, it seems reasonable to expect that auto-choice could eventually result in an increase in new car sales.